Photographic apparatus



E. MARKLEY.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 1918.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919,

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EUGENE MARKLEY, O-F MIDDLEIBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

PHOTOGRAPI-IIC APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

Application filed February 2, 1918. Serial No. 215,180.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EUGENE MARKLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Middleburg, in the county of Snyder and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new: and useful Improvements in Photographic Apparatus, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to the art of hotography, and particularly to devices or providing artificial light whereby photographs may be taken.

The primary object of my invention is the provision of means for producing strong actinic light during the period of the photographic exposure by energizing an arc lamp in synchrony with the actuating of a camera shutter in such a manner that the subject to be photographed will not be alarmed or startled by the sudden energizing of the arc lamp.

Other objects of my invention are the provision of means for automatically closing a portion of the electric current which is consumed by the arc lamp during the photographic exposure around the pneumatic switch by which the arc lamp is energized in order to relieve the pneumatic switch of the heavy duty of controlling all the current which is passed through the arc lamp, the provision of means for automatically breaking the portion of current which is automatically closed through the arc lamp, the provision of means for regulating the period of time during which the automatically closed current is passed through the arc lamp, the provision of means for eliminating the striking noise caused by the quick movement of the are forming mechanism when the arc lamp is energized the provision of means for producin a humming noise prior to the energizing of the arc lamp which resembles the vibration of the energized arc lamp, the provision of means for heating the carbon points of the arc lamp prior to their separation for forming an electric arc, the provision of means for using the incandescent focusing lamps as a resistance means in series with .the electric arc during the period of the photographic ex posure, the provision of means for holding the sitters attention to one spot during the photographic exposure and the provision of means for producing broad indirect light from the electric arc.

- hood, one of the incandescent focusing lamps and the additional reflectors placed immedi ately behind and before the electric arc. F g. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the device for illuminating a transparency in synchrony with the energizing of the arc lamp and the actuating of the camera shutter.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the electrical connections of the arc lamp, the incandescent focusing lamps, the electromagnetic buzzer, the pneumatic switch for energizing the arc lamp in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter and the llluminating of the transparency.

Referring to these drawings, 1 and 2 designate the coil and core of a solenoid magnet in operative relation to the carbon electrode 29 for forming an electric are between carbons 29 and 30. A stem 3 connects the core to a pneumatic retarding and switch controlling device consisting of members 1, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, which shall hereinafter be more fully described. An extension 6 connects the solenoid core to'a bar 7 to which are attached the springs 18, 18 for actuating the clutch 19. Electrical contact members consisting of blades 8, 9 are also mounted upon the bar 7.

The blade 8 and jaw 10 form a switch for automatically closing the electric current which energizes the coil 1 around the coil for a pre-determined time after the core 2 has been actuated. The blade 9 and jaw 11 form a switch for automatically closing an additional circuit through the electric -arc and is actuated in synchrony with the switch 8, 10. The coil 1 is wound in such a manner in relation to the arc and resistance means 32 that the core 2 is very quickly drawn inside of the spool of the magnet when the arc lamp is energized. When the core has reached the point where it is normally suspended by the magnetism of the coil sufficient momentum has been attained because of the rapid upward movement of the core to carry the core and the contact members 8, 9, which are actuated thereby, a considerable distance beyond the.

normal point of magnetic suspension. At a predetermined point above the point of normal suspension the blades 8, 9 engage the contact jaws 10, 11 and the electrical circuits as described are closed. The blades are held in contact with the jaws by the pneumatic retarding device consisting of plunger 4:, cylinder 5, vent 12, valves 13, 14:, and compression chamber 15. The valve 13 is opened by the compression created by the upward movement of the plunger in order that the upward movement of the solenoid core be not impeded. After the upward movement of the core has been arrested and it begins to return downward the valve 13 is automatically closed by the downward movement of the plunger. The downward movement is retarded by the vacuum created within the cylinder between the point where the upward movement of the plunger has been arrested and the vent 12. The amount of atmospheric pressure that is encountered by the plunger is determined by an adjustable needle valve 1 1. It can thus be seen how that the blades 8, 9 can be held in contact with the jaws 10, 11 for predetermined periods of time and how the periods of time can be regulated by the needle valve. The vent 12 is located with reference to the contact jaws 10, 11 a little distance above the point where they are disengaged by the blades 8, 9 during the clown- Ward movement of the solenoid core to permit the core to drop suddenly and cause a quick break to be made in the electrical circuits.

After the electrical circuits have been broken as described the coil/1 is reenergized because the current which was permitted to pass around the coil through the switch 8, 10, conductor 41 to the carbon 29 is again forced to pass through conductor 42 and coil 1 to the carbon 29. Thus the are lamp remains energized after the automatic switches are opened but with lower current consumption because the additional circuit is broken and the resistance to the current which flowed through switch 8, 10 is increased by the reactance of the coil 1. This method of using a more powerful current for a short time allows the operator to make a fully exposed photographic film in a very brief time. As the additional current is shunted for a brief time only it is possible to overload the fuses in the electrical connections without danger. A further advantage is that the pneumatic switch is relieved of the duty of breaking the heavy current which otherwise would have passed through it.

In order to eliminate the striking noise caused by the are forming mechanism, the compression chamber 15 in the pneumatic cylinder 5 is provided to form an air cushion to prevent the noise which otherwise would be caused by the arrestino' of the upward movement of the core 2. ll Vhile the springs 18, 18 are resilient enough to retard the upward movement of the clutch l9 sufliciently to prevent the breaking of the electrical circuit flowing through the are by a too sudden separation of the carbons 29, 30 yet the clutch and the carbon actuated thereby attain considerable speed before the clutch is arrested by the stop 24 which regulates the length of the arc. A layer of felt 21 is placed between the clutch and the stop to deaden the striking noise which would otherwise be caused by the clutch striking the stop. A layer of felt 16 covers the solenoid core rest 17 to prevent the striking noise caused by the arresting of the downward movement of the solenoid core after the arc lamp has been denergized.

For focusing the subject to be photographed incandescent lamps. 22, 23, are mounted on opposite sides of the carbons 29, 30. The electrical circuit through these lamps from the conductor 26 to conductor 25 is established through carbons 80, 29, conductor 27 to the lamps which are connected with conductor 25. Thus the lamps are in series with the are when the arc lamp is energized and in parallel relation with solenoid magnet and the resistance means of the are lamp. By connecting the foscusing lamps in this way no resistance is encountered by the electrical current because of the breaking the circuit during the formation of the arc is lessened and the arc attains its full illuminating efiiciency sooner than if the points had not been heated. A further advantage of connecting the focusing lamps in this way is that when the arc lamp is energized the lamps automatically become a parallel resistance with the resistance means 321, 33.

An electro-magnetic buzzer 34 of the corn ventional type modified by well known means so as to approximate the sound of the vibration of the electric arc is mounted in multiple. relation with the incandescent lamps 22, 23 to prevent the sitter from being startled by the sudden humming noise produced by the energizing of the arc lamp. When alternating current is used with the are lamp a humming noise is caused by the 45 thejaws 10, 11 respectively and the current pulsations of th alternations of the current. The noise is suflicient to startle children and cause them to move. in the'direction from which the noise issues thus causing the photographic impression to be blurred. When a buzzer is energized before the are is energized children are not likely to notice the noise of the arc lamp. It is not necessary that the noise produced by the buzzer be exactly identical to that which is produced by the are as a little change in the noise does not aflect children like a sudden noise. The buzzer can be so constructed that the drop in voltage caused by are for mation will silence it during the period of the photographic exposure. The buzzer can 'be mounted in any convenient place inside or outside upon the arc lamp.

In order to interest and attract children and get them to look in the desired direction while =bein photographed a transparency 47 with suita le picture or image is mounted in the front of an inclosed hood 48 with reflecting sides and top. An incandescent lamp 45 is placed within the hood behind the transparency. A pane of ground glass 46 serves to diffuse the light evenly over th transparency. The circuit through lamp 45 from conductor 25 to conductor 26 1s established through conductor 39, switch 36,

conductor 43, lamp 45 and conductor 44.

The are lamp is energized by a pneumatic switch 36 which can be constructed according to old and wellknown methods. 'This switch is actutated by a bulb 37 which also actuates a camera shutter 38. When the bulb 37 is closed the camera shutter is actuated, switch 36 is closed causing the current to flow from conductor 25 through conductor 39, switch 36, conductor 40, resistance 32, conductor 42, coil 1, electric are at junction of carbons 29 and 30 to conductor 26. As soon as the energized solenoid core has been propelled upward in the manner already described the contact blades 8, 9, connect with which flows through the coil 1 is closed around the coil to the arc and at the same moment an additional circuit is formed from conductor 25 through resistance. 33, switch 11, 9, conductor 41, are 29, 30 to conductor 26. When the switches 8, l0, and 9, 11 are opened in the manner already described the additional circuit is broken and the circuit through coil 1 is again reestablished.

In synchrony with the energizing of the arc and the actuating of the camera shutter the incandescent lamp- 45 is also energized by the switch 36 closing a circuit through the connections already indicated. The incandescent lamps 2 2, 23 and the buzzer 34 are previously energized by a switch 31 manually operated.

The method of diffusing and reflecting is illustrated by reflectors 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55

and 56. 54 is a reflector extending from the back 49 to the top 55. On opposite sides are vertical reflectors 50, 50* (50- not shown) extending diagonally from the 'back to the sides 56, 56 (56 not shown). Upon each side of the arc and approximately on a. plane ward from the base and forms an acute angle with lower carbon of approximately 45 degrees.

The purpose of the front reflector 52 is to preventthe light from falling directly upon the sitter. The light which radiates against this reflector is reflected backward against the reflecting hood from whence it is again reflected in the desired direction. The converging sides deflect the rays toward the opposite sides behind the arc while the inclined surface deflects a large portion of the light upward against the reflector 54 from which it is reflected downward at an angle. of approximately 45 degrees. The purpose of the rear reflector 53 with its converging sides is to spread the light which it reflects forward, to deflect a portion of the light up ward against the top reflector 55 from whence it is reflected upon the sitter. By this combination of reflectors disposed as described indirect light is obtained upon the sitter and while the primary source of light is very concentrated this method of indirect lighting makes possible a very broad source of light with minimum of absorption.

Having thus described my invention what I clai is t 1. Z photographic apparatus comprising one or more incandescent focusing lamps, an arc lamp, a camera shutter, means for energizing the arc lamp in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter, means for automatically heating the points of the electrodes of the arc lamp during the period of focusing with the incandescent lamps.

2. A photographic apparatus comprising a camera shutter, an arc lamp, one or more incandescent focusing lamps, said incandescent lamps being connected in series relation with the electrodes of the arc lamp for heating the points of the electrodes during the period of focusing, an additional circuit through the arc lamp, a switch normally open in the additional circuit, means for closing said switch in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter.

3. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp with electromagnetic means for separating the electrodes which form the arc, n1eans for heating the points of the electrodes prior to the energizing of the arc lamp consisting of one or more incandescent lamps mounted in juxtaposition with the arc lamp for focusing prior to the energizing of the are lamp and connected in series relation with the electrodes of the are lamp and in parallel relation with the said electromagnetic means, a camera shutter, means for energizing the arc lamp in synchrony with'the actuating of the camera shutter.

4. A photographic apparatus comprising a camera shutter, one or more incandescent lamps, an arc lamp, an electric circuit through the arc lamp, a switch normally open in operative relation to said circuit, means for closing the switch in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter, an additional circuit through the electrodes of the are lamp, a switch normally open in operative relation to the additional circuit, means for automatically closing the switch in synchrony with the actuating of the switch in operative relation to the initial circuit through the arc lamp.

5. A photographic apparatus comprising one or more incandescent focusing lamps, a camera shutter, an arc lamp with electromagnetic electrode regulating means, means for energizing the electromagnetic regulating means in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter, a switch associated with the electromagnetic means for automatically closing a circuit through the arc lamp in synchrony with the separating of the electrodes of thearc lamp.

6. A photographic apparatus comprising one or more incandescent focusing lamps, a camera shutter, an arc lamp, means for energizing the arc lamp in synchrony with actuating of the camera shutter, means for automatically decreasing the amount of current which is passing through said are lamp at a predetermined time after the energizing of the arc lamp.

7. A photographic apparatus comprising one or more incandescent focusing lamps, a camera shutter, an arc lamp with a plurality of parallel electrical circuits in series with the electrodes of the arc lamp, means for energizing the arc lamp in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter, means for automatically opening one of the circuits at a predetermined time after the energizing of the arc lamp.

8. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp with an electromagnet for separating the electrodes of the arc lamp, means for automatically closing the electrical cur rent which energizes the magnet around the magnet for a predetermined period of time after the magnet has been sufiiciently energized to sepa ate the electrodes, means for automatically' keeping the electrodes separated during the period of time the electrical current passes around the magnet.

9. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp, a camera shutter, means for energizing the arc lamp in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter, one or more incandescent lamps for focusing prior to the energizing of the are lamp, means for producing a humming noise resembling the vibration of the are lamp during the period of illumination by the incandescent lamps.

10. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp, an electromagnetic buzzer, means for energizing the magnetic buzzer prior to the energizing of the arc lamp, a camera shutter, means for energizing the are lamp in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter.

11. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp, an ele'ctro-magnetie buzzer, means for energizing the buzzer prior to the energizing of the arc lamp, means for automatically reducing the vibration of the buzzer during the period of time the arc lamp is energized.

12. A photographic apparatus comprising a camera shutter, a transparency, an incandescent lamp for illuminating the transparency, a switch in operative relation to the incandescent lamp, means for closing the switch in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter.

13. A photographic apparatus comprising a camera shutter, a transparency, an incandescent lamp for illuminating the transparency, a pneumatic switch in operative relation to the said incandescent lamp, a. pneumatic bulb in operative relation to the pneumatic switch and the camera shutter.

14. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp, a camera. shutter, a trz'insparency, an incandescent lamp for illuminating the transparency, means for energizing the arc lamp and the incandescent lamp in synchrony with the actuating of the camera shutter.

15. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp, a transparency, an incandescent lamp for illun'iinating the transparency, means for SlI'I'ILllt-HHQOUSly energizing the arc lamp and the incandescent lamp.

16. A photographic apparatus comprising an arc lamp with a solenoid magnet for antomatically separating the electrodes of the arc lamp, one or more springs engaging the electrode separating clutch of the arc lamp with the core of the solenoid magnet, said springs being of suilicient resiliency to permit the solenoid core to be carried a considel'a ble distance beyond the point of normal magnetic suspension by the momentum created by the upward movement of the c re when the solenoid magnet is being energized, means for noiselessly arresting the upward movement of the core at a predetermined point before the force of the said momentum is spent, means for arresting the movement of the separating clutch at a predetermined point, means for actuating a camera shutter in synchrony with the energizing of the arc lamp.

17. A photographic apparatus comprising an electric arc with a hood having reflecting hack and sides, a V shaped reflector with sides converging toward the arc and located between the arc and the reflecting back.

18. A photographic apparatus comprising an electric arc, a reflector extending forward from the are at a predetermined distance above the arc, a reflector relatively smaller than the reflector above the are located behind the arc and inclining backward from the base for deflecting a portion of the light which is reflected forward against the sald reflector above the arc.

19. A photographic apparatus comprising an electric arc, a reflecting hood with a vertical back, a reflector extending diagonally from the back of the hood to a point at the top of the hood, a reflector relatively smaller than the said diagonal reflector located in front of the arc and inclining forward from the base.

20. A photographic apparatus comprising an electric arc, a hood inclosing the back, sides and top of the arc with reflecting surfaces on the inside, a reflector relatively smaller than the hood located between the arc and the back of the hood and inclining backward from the base, a reflector relatively smaller than the hood located in front of the arc and inclining forward from the base.

21. A photographic apparatus comprising an electric arc, a-hood inclosing the back, sides and top of the arc with reflecting surfaces on the inside, a V shaped reflector relatively smaller than the hood With sides converging toward the are located between the arc and the back of the hood,' a V shaped reflector relatively smaller than the hood with sides converging toward the are located in front of the are substantially as described.

EUGENE MARKLEY. Witnesses:

PAUL Gr. WINEY, R. B. GARMAN. 

